Al-Andalus: From Rise to Fall Part 5

bismillah r-rahman r-rahim in alhamdulillah wa kafa salatu salam o allah rasool allah mustafa or a leg ready latino double mumble odometer or be uttered Almudena tougher about the salam ala are they come to me and welcome and all saddened to the fifth session of al-andalus from rise to fall the major themes what we're looking at today will be one continuing from the previous class that a savior who has a

strategy a savior with a strategy and what was that strategy and how he implements it we will then the second theme will be how that continues to produce power progress and which lasts for a hundred years at least a century is made this platinum jubilee which we find and then how is this dynasty derailed so these are the three type of these are the three themes that we'll be concentrating

on right okay to go through the objectives with a bit more clarity that abdul rahman adele hill looking at what follows from his success the upheaval which he has to face the outcome what he sets up this is what we will be learning today what he sets up this amara this kingdom or dynasty and then a lineage which comes from abdul rahman a dark hill which also

leaves behind a legacy we will look at this era from a as a tripartite eva ok one of three different levels to it and will kind of take that you to turn you know we'll take that in turn will look at those who followed Abdul Rahman at the hill people like Hisham Hakam abdul rahman ii and how this how this concludes this hundred years this type of platinum jubilee of power and success in the iberian peninsula the

second era we start to see is an era of weakness okay so the we start to see all of a sudden we're gonna see things tribulations trials not just something just not just corrosion but something actually crumbling we will start to will be introduced to certain characters of the past like america have soon Syria will look at a new emerging problem from the north we will also then zoom out and

take a look at every at a whole comprehensive perspective of the muslim world will try and understand the psyche and the mindset of the everyday muslim at that time and why it was the way it was AMPA and what we'll try to do is take away some lessons from this so there is quite a bit to really look at the evening lasso that a man nabbed up let us begin right from where we saw last we were taking a look at an a

peninsula that was really in a perilous state that was it was going to destruction and then if anything it could be saved by a miracle that was really the only hope people had and then we see this miracle arrive a miracle embodied by abdul rahman of nama area and we saw how he how he wants against stabilizes the peninsula how people even

who come after him his adversaries the likes of which which offer elements or had given him the luck of DA the title of suck a soccer crash okay that he becomes known as the Falcon of Koresh and really it was and he and it wasn't out of it wasn't something that wasn't a praise that our governments who was doing out of any form of friendship he wasn't he was a clear adversary to Abdul

Rahman in Omaha via they were totally not in favor of the Umayyad household no the another type of power that he had tried to establish and things like this so but as people have historically said a Shahada too much I hated to be helada that a true testimony is that which your adversaries will uphold meaning and and he had to accept that but what happens after that because we left it there we saw that Cordoba was taken over we saw that cities were getting built we saw

that bridges and so on and the Masjid and all these type of efforts and endeavors wom underway but what continues to happen Abdul Rahman even amariah from 138 he jury since he's kind of taken over and stabilized the crown the following four years remain a consistent uphill struggle Abdul Rahman even Amalia is faced with many type of rebellions which had preceded him which were already in the peninsula which he has to extinguish he has to put out the

French frontiers was something which once again the French King at the time Charles Martel had kind of recon Kurd and there was a lot of type of turbulent in that region as well there were things like remnants of racism and tribalism and all this from before which we'd heard about in the previous session so abdur-rahman diploma area sets aside a strategy he first of all begins to focus and bring his attention to some key elements

first of all in military focus he begins to construct an army and he doesn't just say okay anything he didn't just say okay right guys like the people before him we're going to do this with his army has a vision behind it what he starts to do is enlist people from different from different races and different backgrounds so he looks at the people he notices that the law a large population or a large presence amongst the Muslim population of al-andalus is of the malla

Deen the mixed-race people so those people who were born from Muslim migrants on indigenous Spanish women this mixed-race type of category of people was now quite a predominant phenomenon so what he does is he reaches out to the molality he starts to open up many military opportunities for them he gets them they become a core component in his army he then also ensures that he has enlisted several people who are from

the barber in his army he makes sure of this especially due to the Berber and Arab type of racism which had taken place before he even reaches out to the tribes he makes sure that every key tribe whether they were a panade nanny whether they were from mother or from Rabia whether they were you know insure people like the ferryman who were in a stronghold before he ensured that they were in his army that they seen people I mean those from Yemen people like Abu Sabah and yeah so be who

originally had helped Abdul Rahman a turkey Karras get a foothold in in Cordoba and in Angeles but had then kind of plotted to kill him but was kind of not but was not supported by his people and Abdul Rahman even more area was aware of this at the time yet he still enlists him in his arm he plays it cool cool calm and collected that's what he is he sets about so this was one huge aspect and focus I was Sabra Hadassah be

is a good example of even a threat you see Abdul Rahman even more area could have now easily dealt with him that he was gaining more of a stronghold but he doesn't in fact they say he does eventually deal with him because he realizes of all these conspiracies and problems but he gives him up to 11 years and then eventually deals with another cool component of the military of the Romani Burma area uses are the Sukhoi liebe and the Sir Oliver were a really

were the Slavs but they were a category of people who really the Muslims and not even the Muslims Abdul Rahman anymore oh yeah himself what he does is yet that was a day and age naturally we in which slavery was a common currency right and it was a common occurrence what he does is he purchases many Slav slaves but those who are absolute infants I mean people that they say would be like anything like up to three four years of age that's who we put any

purchases so many of them near quieter and he brings them to October and he has the iturra Bearden and most of them were all at the time when he'd kind of acquired them and and brought them total of a Christian background he gives them an Islamic terbium he ensures that they are not only what is it catered for well but they are trained and educated to a high to a high manner and a very like elite degree so and these people the

saliba you will see in time to come proved to be a very not to prove to be a very powerful component of the Umayyad dynasty not just for Abdul Rahman in the Maurya but for his offsprings who follow in his footsteps so the Sarkar Libra Auto a cool component and these people make up his type of arm and then secondly he focuses on things like the religious and cultural development so what he does is

he play he he pays special care and attention to dilemma and really kind of try attempt to bring them as close as possible to him so you start to see all Aman they take a liking to him he and vice versa he takes an eye a very special and compassionate liking to the whole Ummah he invests in judges he makes sure that their needs are taken care of and I don't just mean like I don't mean at all anything like corruption I mean in the sense of actually caring and listening to when they have to say something he begins to

he begins to construct what the Masjid of Cordoba with 80,000 gold coins of his time which was an incredible amount of money and he actually invests that from his own what he's actually gaining and he puts that in to be to build Masjid portable which were then later continue to be worked on and become the largest Masjid in the entire Muslim world so that's one form of development then he begins to develop and Juventud of building things like the

infrastructure the bridges he builds one of the most fascinating bridges that Cordoba was ever under loose was ever to see it has several arches and it has things like mills and we spoke of this in one of the previous sessions he builds ships he realizes that that one of the weaknesses which Muslims had historically was the lack of experience and wisdom in in sea warfare and so that's why he concentrates on building ships he has artillery deep holes constructed

and made he has the first mint type of money minting type of a factory if you like set up in al-andalus the first mint that is ever established is by Abdul Rahman in Omaha then what he starts to do is construct the one he pays a particular attention really to constructing the greenery of al-andalus or investing in the greenery of al-andalus so he starts to construct and cater for gardens and he builds this one

garden which is known as a loss sofa okay now Recife what he does is mirrors a garden which was built in the Middle East in Damascus by his grandfather Hisham Abdal Malik who is one of the most powerful Omar we Khalifa's and he mirrors this aura sulfa in court around court O'Bannon alanda loose with that one in Damascus and he has foreign and exotic plants and trees brought to in fact they say that the palm tree he had

Oded in an every palm tree this is what people say that followed in al-andalus came from these palm trees which he brought into the rasathi so as then they use that they kind of used it to pollinate or however to kind of grow to further grow more palm trees throughout the entire peninsula so these type of projects you see under money minima are we investing and this garden aspect isn't just a small thing you see it's something which Muslims have taken huge pride in historical in

building these God they say this or a sulphur that he built was the largest garden that was ever constructed in Islam and it was also a way in a method for him to kind of remember or reminisce about the lost land if you like for him away or home which was Damascus so so all these things are taking place in addition to that he assesses the peninsula and realizes where are the weaknesses and where the threats coming from so he sees that in the northeast by

the French frontier there is a potential threat he realizes in the northwest there is a small Kingdom known as Leon or in Arabic the saqqara and he realizes that is an area of weakness as well and he knows that the stronghold of the Muslims really with the capital is in the South Cordoba which is really more South Andalusia so what he does is he sets about these military barracks these military type of camps and he sets a

huge camp which he calls the large the large regiment the large camp a father and he calls it al Kabeer and he sets that up in the north east by Zaragoza or Sara Costa he sets it up there and the medium one he sets in Toledo because that is towards the center of an under Lucia and from there you could reach out to any rebellion you could reach out to any place you need to go and then he has a small camp so up in the northwest by the Li by the

kingdom of Leone one of the things he continues to do and this was actually a habit or I mean it's been referred to as they almost like a cultural I mean almost as a habitual practice if you like of the Umayyads was that they would have a military campaign twice every year because people before and the Omegas are in different parts used to have these campaigns at least once a year and they used to have them in the winter sometimes they would kind of reach out to neighboring places and they would perform these type of conquests

and Liberation's and jihad and so on now what the Omegas do Mohini introduced were the Salah if as well which was from the word safe like summer so they would in the summer time have also a campaign and in the wintertime have a campaign as well so the Sawa if of the Romani minimal area who obviously grew up in the whole you know the Halawa household and was well aware of these customs and things he continues this trend of this life of these campaigns twice a year he

then begins to invest in ports he realizes that ports are a weakness for the Muslim empire specially in the Iberian Peninsula so he starts to set up a port in Seville so in each beliya he invests in that port sets it up kind of redeveloped in almería he actually construct support there that did not exist in Barcelona Barcelona he actually construct a port it realizes that a port is extremely important for the Muslims

in order for for resources for support for campaigns for for all in any aspect of life you may be you may and most likely will at some point need help and assistance and therefore whether it's for goods whether it's for people whether it's for resources transport is key so these are the some of the type of projects that Abdul Rahman in Amara is embarking upon and remember he's only at this stage really he's probably just what almost 30 years

of age that's it a very young person with a huge vision he was described by the famous andalusi historian even again in Hague and we built by the Cunha Abu Marwan and his actual name was Hagen as well he an octagonal poor Toby and he actually says about him he has several books on Tarija known as other Mateen and I think he's he has his a few fact I

mean he has someone just study whole the history of robots or Baba the judges of Cordoba and so on but he has some very popular ones as well one in something like 10 volumes it was kind of printed right so he writes about the remaining American abdur-rahman Raja he'll help somebody who is very like calm and collected rasa-lila sound in knowledge darktable firm established understanding

Cathedral has 'm that he was a resolute determination na v na feudalism he would see through what he began maria mena lights somebody who was not like or just lazy and incapable and you know somebody like that like just incompetent sorry on nama somebody would be quick to get up and do things Methuselah LaRocca that if he got on to something he would conceive

we do it la Yahoo Ludo Inara somebody who was not looking out for just ease and comfort well uh yes kono alotta and he wasn't somebody that would become easily content with entertainment well I yeah a little more amaura Allah Hayley he wasn't somebody that would kind of you would delegate saying most of his affairs he was somebody that would want to kind of lead on them himself the Malayan fairy doofy abirami happy right but however when he was leading on a face he would always take

the opinions of others around shah jahan me Adama somebody who wouldn't be afraid to step forward by Edel or somebody with a fob vision Shadid will hit sharp ingenuity about them Ali look Tama Nina somebody who wouldn't be complacent Allah bilir Elma Fung Wah somebody who was eloquent and would speak his mind

Sharon muhsinun a good poet sama Han Sacheon very giving and generous not tight-fisted poly only son somebody that would speak it wasn't a quiet person somebody that would speak what can I yell Bissell okay a yellow bus a layup well yeah I tongue will be here while your zero he would quite he would often dress in white he would wear a white mama and prefer the clothing of white what can a tortilla hey button Willy you I do somebody who was all striking to

his friends and foes alike la carne had organized and he would himself attend the funeral prayers why you suddenly ali-han pray over them well you suddenly been a see if I can Hobbiton if he was present he would pray with the people as well I yet including Juma and the Eids where your stubo a little member he would do the hood up the hood way up on the member way out in Mahwah he was somebody that would go and visit the sick if he was told allah these were the

qualities of a leader he was seen as a commoner almost in fact he was advised against this by many of his ministers they said to him that you know you shouldn't mix Oh freely you will lose ill you lose your type of all amongst people or your type of authority but that was not the message which he understood from The Messenger of Allah Allah is that you be amongst the people like one of them you don't distinguish

yourself and this is how it was in terms of his Tobia how he kind of gave terapia to the people how he kind of taught them protocol there was once a time where a person there was a small battle that had taken place and the and the group of soldiers had returned and they were victorious and one of them was overjoyed very joyous and and he starts to speak out in the court of Abdul Rahman raising his voices and addressing him in a way

which really was quite disrespectful and and Abdul Rahman instead of hey you who do you think you are so and sorry just you know I just pathetically a soldier or blah blah blah or these type of things which we will see from many historical kings or worse some just had them in prison had them punished had them executed had he actually called him and saved him he says listen he says B he says perhaps you might want to be

mindful in the way that you speak he says that today you are accompanied by victory but if this were to become a hobby perhaps you may address me someday with when the situation is not so joyful and God forbid that I was to react and he says that to him and the soldier responds by saying you know he he responds by saying you know that may Allah forgive me and and he and he

actually says to him that if I am to make a mistake that may Allah if I make a mistake with every mistake of mine accompany with a success of yours and you know of the rachmaninov no more area was so kind of like taken aback by this person's response that he actually he he brings that person closer to him and what he does is he kind of like starts to look out for him and then this person eventually goes on to take a very key position in the military with Abdul

Rahman in tomorrow there was that there was an example where once Abdul Rahman ipanema area was in a modulus and a person turns up in front of everybody and asks for a like he kind of begs for something like like a beggar turns up any and he said I want these I want this you know I haven't had this and I haven't had this going on and bla bla bla Ivan at this fall this time and I need this and people are all the everybody's the Abdul Rahman in remote area instructs one of the people to kind of say to him that look will you deal with this and sort this out for this person and they do that and then he

calls the person and he says to him listen he says if in the future you ever have a need he says perhaps he says he says present it to us but perhaps do so in a written paper or the parchment that they had in the day and age he perhaps in a written manner so it is more concealing of your needs in front of people and he says and then presented to me and he says and we will see it but he says borrow he says but presented to me after

having presented to your Lord and my lord then he says presented and this is the type of Surabaya that he is giving people and this people this is a leader instructing people on all levels having a vision which is not just about building cities and poor and developing a country but about developing the character of people he even when he

comes to his own is he has two children Solomon and Hashem Solomon being the eldest and he is at a point where he thinks out like to kind of select an heir and he does mushroom he does mature Amish water with people for a while he assesses the situation and then he arrives at the conclusion that the younger son Hisham is more eligible for the leadership role and that who he selects it wasn't just about see a

person who isn't thinking about things like favoritism a person who isn't thinking about power about glory about just money and and these things come regardless these things do come but he doesn't have his eyes set on people who remember that Majlis of abu jafar ali monsen when he asks the people around him who is the falcon of Quraysh now it becomes clear why Abdul Rahman if no more area was the falcon of courage when

abu jaafar Mansour said that one Cyril I'm sorry and he established cities what genital each not and he constructed armies he says what Adam will convert in Cateye and you brought back to life a kingdom and dynasty that had completely disappeared from the face of the earth and he says the hosts knitted beery because of his good planning or dirty as me and because of his sheer

determination to see things do the same person folks the same person who lands on the peninsula single-handed several years before now dies upon a dynasty with a hundred thousand soldiers who are horse back at least and that is just the accounting the horseback soldiers they're not counting those who were just general what they called a standing army and so people who had just one foot and so on they used to count those who were

horseback this is what a person had settled you can now start to see why the type of community almost cohesion that he put in place by making all people from different tribes and races work together why he gave them a common cause why the historians said that if Abdul Rahman even Amara at the hill hadn't entered under loose perhaps Islam and the Muslims would have disappeared within the next decade this is how Allah subhana WA Ta'ala sets

out legacies to be made Allah chooses people we see after Abdul Rahman abdomen area passes away in 172 hit REE is followed by his his son Hisham now really these whole the evil what what we will begin to see is a dynasty which has been set up now in Arabic they refer to as an Amara okay to do with Amir like you are an Amir you of an Amara an

independent type of dynasty really you can split this dynasty they are the Umayyad dynasty into three areas one is the era of strength then we will see the era of weakness and of turmoil and then what comes after the third so looking at this Abdul Rahman even Ameria what battle is followed by he succeeded by his son Hisham who ruled for about almost 10 years sorry eight years just under 10 years now what he does is

somebody who has a huge passion for the Islamic Sciences you've really loved him he brings the whole amount very close to him he befriends them he takes care of them he ensures that the matarese of teaching are taking place he ensures that people are having an education he invests in the masajid he he is the person who actually they say officially kind of brings the Maliki math hub as the state meth-head and they say he was a very close friend of yeah

evening yeah he and lated student of Imam Ali he one of the things he does is he he actually in kind of enlarges he he furthers the construction of the Masjid or Toba so the must-read which his father of the rahman irr hill had set up and was constructing in cordoba he kind of further invests in it has expanded he then also invests heavily in the Arabic language now this is very interesting

because remember this is a non-arab country the indigenous people are not Arabs and many of those who have entered the fold of Islam on the Arabs one of the things that he Shama Shama grantor of man invests in is the Arabic language and they say he invests in it heavy Nellore award him and one of the things he does is he gets several people to teach he puts he kind of set funds into it it makes it as attractive as possible he sets up different type of Institute's to teach people

he kind of invests in poetry he has poets and people who are Arabic linguist brought to Cordoba invests in them and all of a sudden you see the Arabic language is really taking off then non-muslims begin to learn Arabic because they seem so amazed by it this is where you have the whole type of a similar to the Maas Arab type of movement taking place we where non-muslims are also kind of trying to

beginning to take on our cultural aspects whether it's the language or crescents and things like this now that's what Hisham is usually known for that he was an amazing ruler somebody who ruled who added strength to what his father had already built he is followed by his son Hakeem who ruled from 180 hitter e to 206 so almost but so about

26 years now the thing is Hakim ignition really doesn't toe the line that his father or grandfather had kind of taken he was somebody that was historians relate is quite harsh in his character he treats people quite high Ashlee very cold-hearted he wasn't interested in mixing with the people he wasn't interested in the people's

interests he begins to impose heavy duties and taxes naturally this causes huge problems turbulence upheavals there are rebellions which just begin to take place there is a massive rebellion which takes place outside of cordoba in a place known as a rob bar and in fact to the extent that Hakham is almost forever known by this title hakama robbery and the way how can treats or deals and

responds to this rebellion is what he does is he crushes it but he doesn't just crush the rebellion he burns and incinerates almost the entire village and the homes of these people Ethan banishes them from he punishes them from Rob wah expels them subhanAllah where is this from the wisdom of his grandfather Abdul Rahman who how he thought of bringing all people together here you

have Hackham really dealing very heavy handedly very with a very heavy hand to those people who oppose his authority he has these people from robbed are actually expelled from the entire Iberian Peninsula and what is known actually several of these people believe Andy and what Allah Akbar where they go they go to Crete yes Salaam the island of Crete people and they actually set up an Islamic not

only community in Islamic it people say an Islamic governance Okuma islamia which then rules Crete for the next hundred years you see people of talent ought to be invested in this is how humans excel but hakham remains very heavy-handed has this heavy hand approach on people what this also brings upon the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula is that the Christians

in the north they begin to see some of these rebellions and some of those kingdoms which were in the north use this opportunity to attack so France and those surrounding areas kind of have certain attacks which take place and certain parts of the Muslim land are lost almost indefinitely and amongst what is lost is also Barcelona which is lost and then in the northeast a new Christian kingdom emerges the kingdom of

Aragon people this is a sign that when we become so involved with our own affairs in a negative manner how we suffer such losses which only time will unfold and tell our gun is the same kingdom from which a king and queen will emerge in time in time we will see which will result and culminate in the entire

collapse of the Muslim of the Muslim empire from there from the Iberian Peninsula so people although we are centuries away from that but what we are seeing are certain things are emerging now what they do say is that Hackham one of the things he did do is they say that Allahu Alem historians relate that almost two years before he died he did start to see some of the things he'd done wrong and he did Toba and attempted to fix and stabilize as as he could off the place I mean one thing he did do is managed to extinguish

several rebellions and things like this he was obviously because of his heavy-handed nature he did manage to squash many of the uprisings that took place he is then succeeded by Abdul Rahman the second Oh who is referred to as after of man an oath of the Rahman of the middle really because another Abdul Rahman will follow now a drag man ii what he does is he once again concentrates on the Sawadee on those campaigns of the summer summertime campaigns and the conquests

in the north in fact they say he heads towards the French frontiers again he does several type of campaigns they once again regained a certain amount of territory he stabilizes the country he has won three key events which kind of define all themes which define his rule and Kingdom one was the type of investment in the cultural and religious side of Angeles once again within under ulema he invests in them heavily some of the great Olimar in his time like Malawi Abner Saleh who he makes one of the

higher judges of Al Andalus who was a major Mahadi from like the era really like although a younger person but coming those who had from those who they say had actually met and taken from Sophie Anatole and Sophia an evening and even mum Malik somebody from back caliber also people like Syed not be Hindu Imam Malik in his lifetime had referred to as the Hakim as somebody like most wise in that sense also not just all Amma in a religious sense but

also a llama in the scientific sense so scientists are Pasadena for mass he invests in somebody who emerges in his time one of the earliest people to ever have documented his attempt take a and around the world tour somebody who also was the first person to invent or to kind of discover how to produce glass from glass from rocks that was a passive net for mass one of the things that inventions which emerge in abdur-rahman the second time is a clock mechanism which is almost a precise East

mechanism in vah which they come up with the Muslims he also people developed what was the prototype to the ink pen now you might think well what's so big about that but in a time people were investment in libraries in books acknowledges at its peak a pen makes a huge difference he further invests in the library the library of Portola they say had reached well I mean it was reaching almost a few hundred thousand strong in terms of

books and stuff like this and so there's a huge investment on the cultural and religious side of things then the economic and development side of things that abdul rahman ii what he does is he he invests in buildings he ensures that certain buildings are constructed around different cities throughout al-andalus once again in gardens upon the fall fall upon the trend of his forefathers he has the roads paved and pavement set up a logic were people this is al-andalus in

this time when the rest of europe is engulfed in darkness they say during the time of abdul rahman ii that he had invested so much wealth in amongst the citizenry and really and the development of the state that there was no begging taking place at all in al-andalus this is what historians write there is also one of the key events of his time is where they are surprised least surprised by who they are

surprised people buy some unwanted guests and who are those guests the Vikings the Vikings land people from Scandinavia they land at the doorstep of Seville they land with up to 54 ships and the Vikings were known for just raiding different cities and towns robbing looting burning the place down and taking away their wealth that was all they used to do and they attack Seville and then from Seville they try to move on to a town known as una and

then Maria and this is what's going on and he abdur-rahman the second years of this he assembled his army they move down south they have and that's where he actually confronts and there is a showdown between him and the Vikings and people this was not any usual or ordinary showdown that takes place they say the battle lasted for up to a hundred days in which almost 35 of the 454 ships of the Vikings were sunk and

the Vikings then completely escaped from they they and then after that what does he do one of the things of the ROM and the second does is he fortifies what is a word el kebir that River around ish pelea and those places which were susceptible to attack known as today quadrille I think they call it what will Kabir Kabir in which is really a word el kebir in Arabic way in Spanish as well and this that's absolutely that's the one and the thing is what he does is he

invests in the Navy the Muslim Navy he in fact has two major separate Navy set up one to God what was the Western type of coastline of the Iberian Peninsula and the other to go into the Mediterranean Sea and around towards really what would be almost kind of going out towards Italy and so on but just coming back guarding those type of entire sea regions and coastlines and this is the type of stuff and one of the things that he manages to achieve from that is he regains the

Balearic Islands which had been actually re seized by people and were not conquered since musaib non-sale so abdul-rahman ii once again annexes the whole balearic islands which includes place like Majorca and so on or to the Iberian Peninsula Allah he then receives a peace offering from Denmark the King of Denmark right Stan you see what does this demonstrate you see when people are

on a high everybody wants to be good with see when people have that spirit Allah see there is a poet known as digger digger muradabad II who says yo me tohsaka hemay was a man named Adam could hum say hamana hamana say Omni he says that a force that can destroy us he says like such forces cannot be found in

a way like meaning almost out in that type of boastful manner but he says that the times and the people are by us we are not defined by them but you see wherever Muslims historically set their eyes upon something and they backed it with determination Allah you see that Allah grants Muslims huge success and that is soon met Allah that is the Sunnah of Allah well entity Dallas on Natalie and we do not see these women of Allah

changing this really with the end of abdul rahman ii it is a hundred years of rule which comes to an end what we start to see them is the second era which is almost the dear ailing aspect which is from 238 hitter e to 300 hitter e it is succeeded by the children and offspring of the only rule as beginning with the children like muhammad who is the son of

Abdul Rahman the second and then after him by month ear and after him by Abdullah we start to see that wealth and opulence is is prevalent Muslims are quite wealthy they a ruling they've got a lot of entertainment taking place we start to see that these things that when this happens there's a lot of this a selfish nature begins to emerge remember

generosity and giving is a huge hugely significant component of a Muslims character the process Allah Allah Karim says in a hadith wallahi little alcoholic that by a light is not poverty I feel well and top sir - well and top sir to dunya rather that the world be opened before you come a that I'll a man can habla as it was open for those before you photo Holika come c'mon a

locket and that it destroys you as it had destroyed those who went before another interesting thing which historians related is the arrival of this person would actually arrived in the time of Abdul Rahman the second his name was Arab and he was actually a major musician from the east from birth that his teacher his name was Ibrahim al-masri and they say that he had some issues with Ibrahim and then eventually had to and he fled by that and he didn't know where to go and so he thought of

al-andalus being a very rich type of region of the Muslim world and he went there and he does bring these trends to al-andalus he brings fashion trends he is the one they say one of the earliest sources to be speaking of a different dress sense for each season he kind of speaks about winter should have its own dress sense and some I should have this and spring should have these he he kind of introduces the three-course meal he introduces different hair styles into landless they say he kind of popularizes

certain colors and with him he brings certain instruments and he kind of popularizes the whole music trend which goes on to set up this what becomes known as the masha hat and this type of particular poetry and musical trend of al-andalus he plays a key role in that as well how much of that perhaps some from some angle there may be some exaggeration but I mean he does play a significant role in this type of lifestyle emerging however you see what begins to happen is with the attention of the rule is turning away from what

they should be doing what you start to see are rebellions people begin to repel people say oh we want this we don't want to pay this tax we don't want to do this we don't want and all of a sudden you've got rebellions then one of the key rebellions is that of a person known as Omar even a half sworn folks this person plays a key role in andalucía history what this guy starts to do is he starts to rebel in the south and he

it's a huge amount of people around him they repel he gets it and alliances from people he takes over places like stood John if you remember stood Jim when it was originally conquered by mu 7m say it was one of the most fortified cities he takes that over he takes over GN he takes over her Mata he takes over a huge portion of the south of al honda Lucia was this is going on people in the north start to rebel the kingdom of Aragon starts to see what's going on so it

starts to increase its attacks upon the neighboring towns and villages and provinces you see in issue in issue Elia Seville a man by the name of Hyde gorge rises and has his own insurgency and robbed and rebellion and he started he takes over Seville and what he does is lend support to um Ruben aha or to honor him in hot Sun all motive and a half soon they say also at this time some many historians relate that he converts

to Christianity this brings him extra support from the Christian kingdom of Aragon and also Leone in the north now these rebellions then trigger further rebellions which begin to take place in Valencia Valencia all of a sudden has somebody rise who claims independence so does Eric OSA Sara Costa in the Northeast you start to see the West under loose a man by the name of Abdul Rahman energy lately rises and he

takes over and declares the independent doing his own thing what seems to be left under Umayyad rule except the small area surrounding córdoba córdoba and its surrounding villages that's all whilst all of this is going on Allahu Akbar the Christian kingdoms which were in the north they would they have their own politics going on and from them you've had Aragon which had

its capital Barcelona and it was already in its its existing you've had the Kingdom of Leon but whilst this is going on there are some there is a split with or some type of dispute which takes place in the kingdom of Leon any new Christian Kingdom emerges in the north the kingdom of Navarre on a bar which is really the Basque region of Spain the northern Christian three kingdoms which are now quite established begin to increase their raids and attacks upon

the Muslim kingdom upon different Muslim cities within a landless to make matters worse people Abdullah right who was the last he'll if his son who whose name was Mubarak now he has two sons are in Mubarak and Mohammed mop Arif actually kills Mohammed who is the crown prince so now not only is all this going on the

crown princes are being assassinated by their own brothers whilst all of that is taking place let me add whilst all of that is taking place people we stick back step back slightly in northwest Africa the obd-ii have taken over which were an extremely extremely deviant really / or like strand of Shiism and they were massacring sunni allah ma and it was well known what they begin to do is lend and

support arms as they begin to support the movement of Alma Ruben Hawthorne who had also taken on by that time the name Samuel ok look on some wheel in Arabic here taken on that the Christian name they begin to support him with artillery and and weapons and ammunition from North Africa whilst that is taking place you've got the Christian kingdoms increasing heavily their attacks from the north you've got independence and rebellions declared in every corner and

almost every city of al-andalus all this is taking place you see the average common Muslim he is overtaken by a sense of despondency like ha that is what can be done what can be done people it wasn't so long ago that we were talking of Abdul Rahman attacking and the legendary stability which he had put in place and look now

let's let's zoom out slightly further let's zoom out what do we see northwest Africa as resume er North Africa sir is being ruled by the way in Egypt and sham is being ruled by the exceeding Mosul a part of Iraq is being ruled by even Hamden Bahrain and the Annamma has been taken over by the car Amita a sect us behind is being ruled by bonny boy they taken that over there were a group of

the Shia or our Sun which is modern-day Afghanistan and so on had been ruled by somebody known as no source Ananya taken that over Herman had been taken over by somebody known as Muhammad ibn al yes was have been ruled by the bradeen way were the Abbasids the Abasi een where were they just birthed that people the whole Muslim empire the whole Muslim world is in pieces in me this is where

in need of the Curt what the crumb much than to lead and be a dinner about now and Nana Berta ll Islam if he bulletin they did hook a toy remark so Sanjana he says how I remember but the thing about remembering and reminiscing is that it makes you lose your sleep at night he says I remember a glory that we had in our hands but we've lost now wherever you look at Islam in any part of the globe you find it as a bird whose wings

have been clipped and cut off he says that mr. Chappelle or abou Bill Maher be for our shada home one national kennel and i'm mobbin a see now that people had they had looked for they had looked for wisdom and they found it really in like people at the west and Europe an utter for later time and how they had fixed themselves up but he says we had a history we had a history these people civilizations took heed from history we

are a history yet we forgot he says yeah me no more attack so Hobart a Tuhoe was 800 demon la huelga Maheu yet uzuki saw a lakh assi Farrakhan mean Hopi he won maluca ho me Tasha that all who sees Alma with a simple dress and simple food that the kings of Persia and roll feared him this that they would tremble on the

thrones within he says wallah who calab Nasir a Tom yeoman wala actor Adam online image era Allah knows that we have never invested even a moment to learn about the lives of these people never has a or never have we even mistakenly shed a tear for the remembrance or for the lives of these people and he mentions that later Ettore marine nutria wa allahu foreign yu3 chorus o insult ahumada there is no

nothing so special about a person who just goes on about his forefathers but when you ask him who are you he has to drop his head in shame this is the world now that was us having zoomed out let's zoom back into the Iberian Peninsula they where can help possibly come from Samuel or honorable have sown in the south independence cried out in every corner of rebellions bloodshed poverty the northern christian kingdoms attacking further south north africa

being ruled by the obey being who were really a minority and just torturing people and yet supporting the rebellion of omri lahav soon we could help come from what could only help this situation is a miracle a miracle people but allah as allah teaches us that or the only aesthetic black reach out to allah allah will help and people that miracle does come in deed not only does it come it

comes to turn this peninsula around in such a manner that it unifies fortifies and raises this kingdom to become one of the most powerful kingdoms known in the european continent and in the world at its time who was that miracle for that will continue in Charlotte next session till then Shahla to Alchemist Allah remember me in your kind eyes assalamu aleikum what I had to lie to Allah

you