Glossary
217 terms a reader of the archive meets. Meanings are short and descriptive; where the schools differ, the entry says so rather than deciding. Dotted terms in transcripts open these entries. Search understands every spelling listed here.
Worship
Purification, prayer, fasting, charity and pilgrimage.
- adhanأَذان
- The call to prayer.Also written azan, azaan, athan, adhaan
- 'asrعَصر
- The late afternoon prayer, the third of the five daily prayers.Also written asar, salat al-asr, asr prayer
- dhuhrظُهر
- The midday prayer, the second of the five daily prayers.Also written zuhr, zohr, zuhar, dhuhur, salat al-dhuhr, dhuhr prayer, zuhr prayer
- Eidعِيد
- The two festivals: Eid al-Fitr after Ramadan and Eid al-Adha during the pilgrimage season.Also written eid al-fitr, eid al-adha, eid ul-fitr, eid ul-adha, eidul fitr, eidul adha, bakra eid, bari eid, choti eid
- fajrفَجر
- The dawn prayer, the first of the five daily prayers.Also written fajar, salat al-fajr, fajr prayer
- ghuslغُسل
- A full ritual wash of the body, required after states such as sexual intercourse or the end of menstruation.Also written ghusal, ghusul, gusl
- hajjحَجّ
- The pilgrimage to Makkah in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, obligatory once in a lifetime for those able to make it.Also written haj, hadj
- iftarإِفطار
- The meal that breaks the fast at sunset.Also written iftaar, iftari
- ihramإِحرام
- The state of consecration, and the garments, that a pilgrim enters before the pilgrimage rites.Also written ihraam, ehram, ahram
- imamإِمام
- The person who leads a congregational prayer; also an honorific for a leading scholar.Also written imaam, imams
- iqamahإِقامة
- The second, shorter call that announces the prayer is about to begin.Also written iqama, iqaamah, iqamat
- 'ishaعِشاء
- The night prayer, the last of the five daily prayers.Also written esha, ishaa, salat al-isha, isha prayer
- i'tikafاِعتِكاف
- Secluding oneself in a mosque for worship, especially in the last ten days of Ramadan.Also written i'tikaaf, aitekaf, etikaf
- jam'جَمع
- Combining two prayers, such as dhuhr with asr, in one time; the schools permit it under different conditions.Also written jam' al-salah, jam bayn al-salatayn, jam' al-salatayn
- janazahجَنازة
- The funeral prayer and the rites for the deceased.Also written janaza, salat al-janazah, namaz-e-janaza, janaza prayer, janazah prayer
- jumu'ahجُمُعة
- The congregational Friday prayer, with a sermon, which replaces the midday prayer for those who attend.Also written jummah, juma, jumma, jumah, salat al-jumuah
- Kaabaكَعبة
- The cube-shaped building in Makkah that Muslims face in prayer.Also written ka'bah, ka'ba, kaabah
- khutbahخُطبة
- The sermon delivered at the Friday and festival prayers.Also written khutba, khutbas
- maghribمَغرِب
- The prayer offered just after sunset.Also written maghreb, magrib, salat al-maghrib, maghrib prayer
- masjidمَسجِد
- A mosque: a place of congregational prayer.Also written masjed, masaajid, masajid
- musafirمُسافِر
- A traveller, for whom the law grants concessions in prayer and fasting; the schools define the qualifying journey differently.Also written musaafir, safar
- naflنَفل
- A voluntary act of worship beyond what is obligatory.Also written nafal, nawafil, nafil, nafilah, nafila
- qasrقَصر
- Shortening the four-unit prayers to two when travelling; the distance and duration conditions differ between the schools.Also written qasr al-salah, qasr salah
- qiblahقِبلة
- The direction of the Kaaba in Makkah, which is faced in prayer.Also written qibla, kiblah, kibla
- qiyamقِيام
- Standing in prayer; also a name for voluntary prayer at night.Also written qiyaam, qiyam al-layl, qiyam ul-layl
- rak'ahرَكعة
- One unit of prayer: standing, bowing, two prostrations and sitting.Also written rakat, raka'at, rakaah
- Ramadanرَمَضان
- The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, in which fasting is obligatory.Also written ramadhan, ramzan, ramazan, ramadaan
- ruku'رُكوع
- The bowing posture in prayer.Also written rukoo
- sadaqahصَدَقة
- Voluntary charity.Also written sadaqa, sadqa, sadaqat, sadqah
- salahصَلاة
- The formal Islamic prayer, performed five times a day at set times.Also written salat, salaah, salaat, namaz, namaaz, as-salah, al-salah, salawat
- sawmصَوم
- Fasting from dawn to sunset, abstaining from food, drink and sexual activity.Also written siyam, roza, rozah, saum
- suhurسُحور
- The pre-dawn meal taken before a day of fasting.Also written suhoor, sehri, sahari, sehar, sahur
- sujudسُجود
- Prostration in prayer, with the forehead placed on the ground.Also written sajdah, sajda, sujood
- tahajjudتَهَجُّد
- Voluntary prayer in the later part of the night.Also written tahajud, tahajjud prayer
- taharahطَهارة
- Ritual purity, the state required for prayer, and the rules for reaching it.Also written tahara, taharat, tahaarah
- takbirتَكبير
- Saying "Allahu akbar" (God is greater), which opens the prayer and marks its movements.Also written takbeer, takbirat, takbeerat, allahu akbar
- tarawihتَراويح
- Night prayers performed in congregation during Ramadan; the number of units practised differs by tradition.Also written taraweeh, tarawih prayer, taraweeh prayer
- tashahhudتَشَهُّد
- The seated part of prayer in which the testimony of faith is recited.Also written tashahud, tashahhudh
- tawafطَواف
- Circling the Kaaba seven times during the pilgrimage rites.Also written tawaaf
- tayammumتَيَمُّم
- Ritual purification with clean earth or stone when water is unavailable or cannot be used.Also written tayamum, tayammam, tayamam
- udhiyahأُضحِية
- The animal sacrifice offered during Eid al-Adha.Also written qurbani, qurbaani, udhiya, udhiyya, kurbani
- 'umrahعُمرة
- The lesser pilgrimage to Makkah, which may be performed at any time of the year.Also written umra, oomrah
- witrوِتر
- An odd-numbered prayer offered after the night prayer; its status and number of units differ between the schools.Also written witar, salat al-witr, witr prayer
- wuduوُضوء
- The ritual washing of the face, arms, head and feet performed before prayer.Also written wudhu, wudoo, wuzu, al-wudu, wudhoo
- zakahزَكاة
- The obligatory annual charity: a fixed share of qualifying wealth given to specified recipients.Also written zakat, zakaat, zakah al-mal, zakat al-mal
- zakat al-fitrزَكاة الفِطر
- The charity due at the end of Ramadan, given before the Eid prayer.Also written zakat ul-fitr, zakatul fitr, sadaqat al-fitr, fitrana, fitrah charity
Law and method
Fiqh, its sources and methods, the schools, and the scale of rulings.
- 'amal ahl al-Madinahعَمَل أَهل المَدينة
- The practice of the people of Madinah, a source of law distinctive to the Maliki school.Also written amal ahl al-madina, amal ahl al-madeenah
- bid'ahبِدعة
- Innovation in religion; scholars differ on whether every innovation is blameworthy or only those that contradict the sources.Also written bida, biddat, bidaa
- dalilدَليل
- A proof or evidence for a ruling, drawn from text or reasoning.Also written daleel, adillah, adilla
- daruriyyatضَروريّات
- The necessities: the essential interests the law protects, the first tier of the maqasid.Also written daruriyat, dharuriyyat, al-daruriyyat, darooriyyat
- faqihفَقيه
- A jurist, a specialist in fiqh.Also written faqeeh, fuqaha
- fardفَرض
- An obligatory act, either individual (fard 'ayn) or collective (fard kifayah).Also written farz, faraid, fard ayn, fard kifayah, fardh
- fatwaفَتوى
- A non-binding legal opinion given by a qualified scholar in answer to a question.Also written fatwah, fatawa, fatwaa, fataawa
- fiqhفِقه
- Islamic law as understood and derived by jurists; the rules of practice.Also written fiqah, fikh
- halalحَلال
- Permitted.Also written halaal
- Hanafiحَنَفي
- The school of law tracing to Abu Hanifah; the largest by following, dominant in South Asia and Turkey.Also written hanafite, hanafiyyah, hanafi school
- Hanbaliحَنبَلي
- The school of law tracing to Ahmad ibn Hanbal.Also written hambali, hanbalite, hanbali school
- haramحَرام
- Forbidden; also a sacred precinct, such as the one around the Kaaba.Also written haraam
- hukmحُكم
- A ruling: the legal value the law assigns to an act.Also written ahkam, hukum, hukam, ahkaam
- ijma'إِجماع
- Consensus of qualified scholars on a legal question, counted as a source of law.Also written ijmaa
- ijtihadاِجتِهاد
- Independent legal reasoning by a qualified scholar to reach a ruling where the sources do not settle a question directly.Also written ijtihaad, ijtehad
- ikhtilafاِختِلاف
- Legitimate difference of opinion among scholars.Also written ikhtilaaf, khilaf
- istihsanاِستِحسان
- Juristic preference: setting aside a strict analogy for a ruling judged fairer or more fitting.Also written istihsaan
- madhhabمَذهَب
- A school of law; the four main Sunni schools are the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali.Also written madhab, mazhab, madhahib, mazahib, madhaahib
- makruhمَكروه
- Disliked: discouraged but not forbidden.Also written makrooh, makruh tahrimi, makruh tanzihi
- Malikiمالِكي
- The school of law tracing to Imam Malik ibn Anas of Madinah; the school mainly taught on this channel.Also written maaliki, malikite, malikiyyah, maliki school
- mandubمَندوب
- Recommended: rewarded if done and not blamed if left.Also written mandoob, mustahabb, mustahab
- maqasidمَقاصِد الشَّريعة
- The higher aims of the law, usually listed as protecting religion, life, intellect, lineage and property.Also written maqasid al-shariah, maqasid al-sharia, maqaasid, maqasid ash-shariah
- maslahaمَصلَحة
- Public interest or benefit as a consideration in legal reasoning.Also written maslahah, masalih, al-maslaha al-mursalah, maslaha mursalah
- mubahمُباح
- Permissible and neutral, neither rewarded nor blamed.Also written mubaah
- muftiمُفتي
- A scholar qualified to issue fatwas.Also written muftis
- mujtahidمُجتَهِد
- A scholar qualified to perform ijtihad.Also written mujtahideen, mujtahidun, mujtahidin
- qiyasقِياس
- Analogical reasoning: extending a ruling to a new case on the basis of a shared underlying cause.Also written qiyaas
- ribaرِبا
- Usury or interest, prohibited in Islamic law.Also written ribaa, sood
- rukhsahرُخصة
- A concession: an easing of a rule because of hardship such as travel or illness.Also written rukhsa, rukhas
- Shafi'iشافِعي
- The school of law tracing to Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i.Also written shafi, shafei, shafiite, shafi'i school
- shari'ahشَريعة
- The body of divine guidance covering belief, worship, ethics and law.Also written sharia, shariat, sharee'ah
- sunnahسُنّة
- The practice of the Prophet; also an act recommended by his example rather than obligatory.Also written sunna, sunnat, sunan
- taqlidتَقليد
- Following the ruling of a qualified scholar or school without examining its proof oneself.Also written taqleed, muqallid
- 'urfعُرف
- Custom: established social practice taken into account in legal rulings.
- usul al-fiqhأُصول الفِقه
- The principles and methods by which legal rulings are derived from the sources.Also written usul, usool, usool al-fiqh, usul ul-fiqh, usool ul-fiqh
- wajibواجِب
- Obligatory; in Hanafi usage a step below fard, in the other schools a synonym for it.Also written waajib, wajibat
Hadith science
Reports from the Prophet, their grading, their collections and their scholars.
- ahadآحاد
- A report that does not reach the mutawatir level, however sound its chain.Also written aahaad, khabar al-wahid, khabar wahid, khabar al-ahad
- atharأَثَر
- A report from a companion or successor rather than from the Prophet.Also written aathaar, athaar
- al-Bukhariالبُخاري
- Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari (d. 870) and his Sahih, which Sunnis widely regard as the most authoritative hadith collection.Also written bukhari, imam bukhari, sahih al-bukhari, sahih bukhari, saheeh al-bukhari, saheeh bukhari, imam al-bukhari
- da'ifضَعيف
- Weak: a hadith with a defect in its chain or text.Also written dhaeef, zaeef, da'eef, da'if hadith, weak hadith
- gharibغَريب
- A hadith narrated by a single narrator at some point in its chain.Also written ghareeb, gharib hadith
- hadithحَديث
- A report of what the Prophet said, did or approved, transmitted through a chain of narrators.Also written hadeeth, ahadith, ahaadeeth, hadis, hadees, ahaadith
- hasanحَسَن
- Good: a hadith reliable enough to be used as evidence but below the sahih grade.Also written hasan hadith, hasan li-ghayrihi, hasan li-dhatihi, hasan sahih
- isnadإِسناد
- The chain of narrators through which a hadith is transmitted.Also written sanad, isnaad, asanid
- jarh wa ta'dilالجَرح والتَّعديل
- The science of assessing hadith narrators as reliable or unreliable.Also written jarh wa ta'deel, al-jarh wa al-ta'dil, al-jarh wa'l-ta'dil, ilm al-rijal
- Kutub al-Sittahالكُتُب السِّتّة
- The six canonical Sunni hadith collections: Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.Also written kutub as-sittah, sihah sittah, sihah sitta, six books
- matnمَتن
- The text of a hadith, as distinct from its chain of narrators.Also written mutun
- mawdu'مَوضوع
- Fabricated: a report falsely attributed to the Prophet.Also written mawdoo, maudu, mawdhu
- muhaddithمُحَدِّث
- A hadith scholar.Also written muhaddithun, muhadith, muhaddithin, muhaddithoon
- mursalمُرسَل
- A hadith whose chain omits the companion link; Malik accepted it as evidence, other scholars did not.Also written mursal hadith
- mutawatirمُتَواتِر
- A report transmitted through so many independent chains that fabrication is considered impossible.Also written mutawaatir, tawatur
- Muwattaالمُوَطَّأ
- The Muwatta of Imam Malik: the earliest surviving compilation of hadith and Madinan legal practice.Also written al-muwatta, muwatta malik, muwatta imam malik, muwata
- rawiراوي
- A narrator in a hadith chain.Also written raawi, ruwat, rijal
- sahihصَحيح
- Sound: a hadith whose chain and text meet the strictest grading criteria.Also written saheeh, sahih hadith, saheeh hadith
- Sahih Muslimصَحيح مُسلِم
- The hadith collection of Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (d. 875), ranked with Bukhari's as the two most authoritative Sunni collections.Also written saheeh muslim, imam muslim, muslim ibn al-hajjaj
- Sahihaynالصَّحيحان
- The two Sahih collections, Bukhari and Muslim, taken together.Also written sahihain, saheehain, saheehayn, the two sahihs
Belief
Creed, theology, the unseen and the hereafter.
- akhirahآخِرة
- The hereafter.Also written akhira, aakhirah, akhirat
- aqidahعَقيدة
- Creed: the set of beliefs a Muslim holds.Also written aqeedah, aqida, aqeeda, aqaid
- Ash'ariأَشعَري
- The Sunni school of theology tracing to Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, historically followed by most Malikis and Shafi'is.Also written asharis, ashaira, asha'irah, ashariyyah, ash'arite
- Athariأَثَري
- The textualist approach to creed that avoids speculative theology, associated with Hanbalis and later with Salafis.Also written atharis, atharism, athariyyah
- 'aynعَين
- The evil eye: harm believed to come from an envious gaze.Also written al-ayn, nazar, evil eye
- barzakhبَرزَخ
- The interval between death and resurrection.
- Dajjalدَجّال
- The great deceiver expected before the end of time in the traditions about the last days.Also written al-dajjal, dajjaal, ad-dajjal
- hasadحَسَد
- Envy.Also written hasd
- ihsanإِحسان
- Excellence in worship and conduct; worshipping God as though seeing Him.Also written ihsaan
- imanإِيمان
- Faith: belief in God, His angels, books, messengers, the last day and divine decree.Also written imaan, eemaan, eeman
- jahannamجَهَنَّم
- Hell.Also written jahanam, jahannum
- jannahجَنّة
- Paradise.Also written janna, jannat
- jinnجِنّ
- Unseen beings created from fire, described in the Quran as capable of belief and disbelief.Also written djinn, jin, jinnat, jinni
- kalamكَلام
- Rational theology: the discipline of stating and defending creed by argument.Also written ilm al-kalam, kalaam
- kufrكُفر
- Disbelief: rejection of faith; a kafir is one who disbelieves.Also written kuffar, kafir, kaafir, kufar, kaafirun
- Mahdiمَهدي
- An awaited guided leader expected before the end of time; the traditions and the views on him differ.Also written al-mahdi, imam mahdi, mehdi
- Maturidiماتُريدي
- The Sunni school of theology tracing to Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, historically followed by most Hanafis.Also written maturidis, maturidiyyah, maturidite
- Mu'tazilaمُعتَزِلة
- An early school of rational theology stressing divine justice and unity, opposed by the Ash'aris and Maturidis.Also written mutazilite, mu'tazilah
- qadarقَدَر
- Divine decree: the question of God's foreknowledge, predestination and human choice.Also written qadr, taqdir, taqdeer, qada wa qadar, al-qada wa al-qadar
- qiyamahقِيامة
- The day of resurrection and judgement.Also written qiyama, qiyamat, yawm al-qiyamah, yawm al-qiyama
- ruqyaرُقية
- Recitation of Quran and prayers over a person for healing or protection.Also written ruqyah, ruqyaa
- shaytanشَيطان
- Satan, or any devil; Iblis is the name of the chief devil.Also written shaitan, shaytaan, iblis, iblees, shayateen, shayatin
- shirkشِرك
- Associating partners with God; the gravest sin in Islamic belief.Also written shirq, mushrik, mushrikin
- sihrسِحر
- Magic or sorcery.Also written sihar, jadu, jadoo, kala jadu
- tawhidتَوحيد
- The oneness of God, the central belief of Islam.Also written tawheed, tauheed, touheed
Quran
The text, its commentary, recitation and interpretation.
- asbab al-nuzulأَسباب النُّزول
- The occasions of revelation: the circumstances in which particular verses were revealed.Also written asbab un-nuzul, asbaab al-nuzool, asbab al-nuzool, asbab an-nuzul
- ayahآية
- A verse of the Quran; the word also means a sign.Also written aya, ayat, ayaat, aayah, aayat
- hifzحِفظ
- Memorisation of the Quran; a hafiz is one who has memorised it.Also written hafiz, hafidh, haafiz, hifdh, huffaz, hafiza
- juz'جُزء
- One of the thirty roughly equal parts into which the Quran is divided for recitation.Also written juzz, ajza, ajzaa, siparah, sipara
- Makki and Madaniمَكّي ومَدَني
- The classification of surahs by whether they were revealed before or after the migration to Madinah.Also written makki, madani, meccan, medinan, makki surah, madani surah
- mufassirمُفَسِّر
- A commentator on the Quran.Also written mufassirun, mufasir, mufassireen
- naskhنَسخ
- Abrogation: the view that a later ruling replaces an earlier one; scholars differ widely on how many verses, if any, it applies to.Also written nasikh, mansukh, nasikh wa mansukh
- qira'atقِراءات
- The canonical recitation traditions of the Quran, differing in pronunciation and occasionally in wording.Also written qira'ah, qiraa'aat, qira'aat
- Quranقُرآن
- The scripture of Islam, held to be the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.Also written koran, quraan, al-quran
- surahسورة
- A chapter of the Quran; there are 114.Also written sura, soorah, surat, suwar, soora
- tafsirتَفسير
- Commentary on and explanation of the Quran.Also written tafseer, tafasir, tafaseer
- tajwidتَجويد
- The rules of correct Quran recitation.Also written tajweed
- tilawahتِلاوة
- Recitation of the Quran.Also written tilawat, tilaawah
- wahyوَحي
- Revelation from God to a prophet.Also written wahi, wahee
History and people
Generations, places, scholars and books that recur in the recordings.
- Ahl al-Baytأَهل البَيت
- The household of the Prophet; who is included is understood differently by Sunnis and Shia.Also written ahlul bayt, ahl ul-bayt, ahle bait, ahlulbayt, ahl-e-bait, ahlul bait, ahl al-bait
- al-Andalusالأَندَلُس
- Muslim-ruled Iberia, from 711 to 1492.Also written andalus, andalusia, moorish spain
- al-Ashmawiyyahالأَشماوِيّة
- A short Maliki primer on worship by Abd al-Bari al-Ashmawi, studied on this channel.Also written ashmawiya, ashmawiyya, matn al-ashmawiya, al-ashmawiya, ashmawiyyah
- al-Ghazaliالغَزالي
- Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111), Shafi'i jurist, Ash'ari theologian and Sufi.Also written ghazali, imam ghazali, imam al-ghazali
- Hijrahهِجرة
- The migration of the Prophet from Makkah to Madinah in 622, from which the Islamic calendar is counted.Also written hijra, hijrat, hijri
- Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawaniابن أَبي زَيد القَيرَواني
- Maliki scholar of Qayrawan (d. 996), author of al-Risalah, a primer studied on this channel.Also written ibn abi zaid, ibn abi zayd, qayrawani, al-qayrawani, ibn abi zaid al-qayrawani
- Ibn Rushdابن رُشد
- Ibn Rushd (d. 1198), Maliki judge and philosopher of Cordoba, known in Europe as Averroes.Also written averroes, ibn rushd al-hafid
- Imam Malikمالِك بن أَنَس
- Malik ibn Anas (d. 795), the scholar of Madinah whose teaching became the Maliki school.Also written malik ibn anas, malik bin anas, imam maalik, imam malik ibn anas
- khalifahخَليفة
- Caliph: a successor of the Prophet as leader of the Muslim community; the office is the khilafah.Also written khalifa, caliph, khulafa, khilafah, khilafat, caliphate, khilafa
- Madinahالمَدينة
- The city of the Prophet's migration and burial; its legal practice is a source for the Maliki school.Also written medina, madina, al-madinah, madeenah, yathrib
- Makkahمَكّة
- The city of the Kaaba and of the Prophet's birth.Also written mecca, makka, mekka
- Mothers of the Believersأُمَّهات المُؤمِنين
- The title given to the wives of the Prophet.Also written ummahat al-mu'minin, ummahat al-mumineen, umm al-mu'minin, umm al-mumineen, ummahat ul-mumineen
- Qadi Iyadالقاضي عِياض
- Iyad ibn Musa (d. 1149), Maliki judge and scholar of Ceuta, author of al-Shifa on the Prophet.Also written qadi ayyad, qadi iyaad, al-qadi iyad
- Rashidunالخُلَفاء الرّاشِدون
- The first four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali.Also written khulafa al-rashidun, khulafa ar-rashidun, rightly guided caliphs, rashideen, khulafa-e-rashideen
- al-Risalahالرِّسالة
- Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani's primer of Maliki belief and law.Also written risalah, risala, ar-risalah, risalah of ibn abi zayd
- sahabahصَحابة
- The companions: those who met the Prophet as believers and died as Muslims.Also written sahaba, sahabi, sahabiyyah, sahabiyat
- salafسَلَف
- The early generations of Muslims, usually the first three.Also written as-salaf, salaf al-salih, salaf us-salih, al-salaf
- Sirahسيرة
- The biography of the Prophet Muhammad.Also written seerah, sira, seera, seerat
- tabi'unتابِعون
- The successors: the generation after the companions.Also written tabi'in, tabieen, tabi'i
Society and dialogue
Branches, movements, titles and communal life.
- 'alimعالِم
- A religious scholar.Also written aalim
- Barelviبَريلوي
- A South Asian Sunni Hanafi movement associated with Ahmad Raza Khan of Bareilly, stressing devotion to the Prophet.Also written barelwi, barelvis, brelvi, barelwis
- da'wahدَعوة
- Inviting others to Islam, or calling Muslims to practise it.Also written dawa, dawat, da'ee
- Deobandiدِيوبَندي
- A South Asian Hanafi reform movement that grew from the seminary founded at Deoband in 1866.Also written deobandis, deoband
- fitnahفِتنة
- Trial, temptation or civil strife.Also written fitna, fitan
- jihadجِهاد
- Striving: in law, armed struggle under defined conditions; in the wider sense, any effort made for God.Also written jihaad, mujahid
- madrasaمَدرَسة
- A religious school.Also written madrasah, madrassa, madaris, madrassah
- mawlidمَولِد
- The celebration of the Prophet's birthday; its permissibility is a long-standing point of difference.Also written milad, meelad, milad un-nabi, mawlid al-nabi, mawlud, eid milad
- Salafiسَلَفي
- A modern reform movement calling for a return to the practice of the early generations, typically critical of the schools of law and of Sufism.Also written salafis, salafism, wahhabi, wahabi, wahhabism
- shaykhشَيخ
- An elder or teacher; a title for a scholar or a Sufi guide.Also written sheikh, shaikh, sheik, shuyukh, shaykhs
- Shiaشيعة
- The branch of Islam holding that leadership after the Prophet belonged to Ali and his descendants.Also written shiah, shiite, shi'i, twelver, ithna ashari
- Sufiصوفي
- A follower of tasawwuf, the spiritual and ascetic tradition of Islam.Also written sufis, sufism, soofi
- Sunniسُنّي
- The largest branch of Islam, following the four schools of law and the Ash'ari, Maturidi or Athari creeds.Also written ahl al-sunnah, ahl as-sunnah, ahlus sunnah, ahl al-sunna, sunnis
- takfirتَكفير
- Declaring a Muslim to be a disbeliever.Also written takfeer, takfiri, takfeeri
- tariqahطَريقة
- A Sufi order or path.Also written tariqa, tareeqah, turuq, tareeqa
- tasawwufتَصَوُّف
- Sufism: the discipline of purifying the heart and drawing near to God.Also written tasawuf, tasawwof
- ulamaعُلَماء
- Religious scholars, the plural of 'alim.Also written ulema, ulamaa
- ummahأُمّة
- The worldwide community of Muslims.Also written umma, ummat
Family
Marriage, divorce, kinship and dress.
- 'awrahعَورة
- The parts of the body that must be covered, which differ by sex and situation.Also written awra, satr
- hijabحِجاب
- Covering: the headscarf and modest dress, and the wider rules of modesty between the sexes.Also written hijaab, hejab, hijabi
- 'iddahعِدّة
- The waiting period a woman observes after divorce or widowhood before she may remarry.Also written iddat, idda
- khul'خُلع
- Divorce initiated by the wife, usually in return for giving back the mahr.Also written khula, khulah
- mahrمَهر
- The dower: the gift the husband owes the wife as part of the marriage contract.Also written mehr, meher, haq mehr, mahar
- mahramمَحرَم
- A relative one may never marry, before whom the rules of covering are relaxed.Also written mehram, maharim, mahaarim
- nafaqahنَفَقة
- Maintenance: the financial support a husband owes his wife and children.Also written nafaqa, nafqa, nafaqat
- nikahنِكاح
- The marriage contract.Also written nikkah, nikaah, nikah nama, nikahnama
- niqabنِقاب
- A face veil; the burqa and purdah are related forms and customs of covering.Also written niqaab, burqa, burka, purdah, parda
- talaqطَلاق
- Divorce pronounced by the husband; the schools differ on the effect of pronouncing it three times at once.Also written talaaq, triple talaq, talak
- waliوَلي
- A guardian, especially the bride's guardian in marriage; the word also means a friend of God, a saint.Also written walee, awliya, awliyah
- walimahوَليمة
- The wedding feast.Also written walima, waleemah
- zinaزِنا
- Sexual intercourse outside marriage.Also written zinaa, zinah
Everyday
Phrases and virtues heard in ordinary speech.
- adabأَدَب
- Good manners and etiquette.Also written aadaab, adaab
- ajrأَجر
- Reward from God for a good act.Also written sawab, thawab, thawaab, sawaab
- alhamdulillahالحَمدُ لِلّه
- "Praise be to God", said in gratitude or relief.Also written alhamdulilah, al-hamdu lillah, alhumdulillah, alhamdulillaah, hamdulillah
- amanahأَمانة
- Trust: something entrusted to one's care, and trustworthiness itself.Also written amana, amaanah, amanat
- astaghfirullahأَستَغفِر الله
- "I seek God's forgiveness", said on recognising a fault or hearing of a wrong.Also written astagfirullah, astaghfirullaah, astaghfar
- barakahبَرَكة
- Blessing.Also written baraka, barakat, barkat, baraqah
- bismillahبِسم الله
- "In the name of God", said before beginning something.Also written bismillah ir-rahman ir-rahim, bismillahir rahmanir rahim, bismillahi, bismillah al-rahman al-rahim
- deenدين
- Religion; the whole way of life of Islam.Also written al-din, ad-deen, ad-din
- dhikrذِكر
- Remembrance of God, especially by repeating His names or phrases of praise.Also written zikr, zikar, dhikar, zikir, adhkar, azkar
- du'aدُعاء
- Supplication: personal prayer addressed to God.Also written duaa, duas, duaas
- fitrahفِطرة
- The natural disposition toward God with which human beings are held to be born.Also written fitrat
- ibadahعِبادة
- Worship: acts done for God.Also written ibada, ibaadah, ibadat
- ikhlasإِخلاص
- Sincerity.Also written ikhlaas
- in sha Allahإِن شاء الله
- "If God wills", said of future plans.Also written inshallah, insha'allah, in shaa allah, insha allah, inshaa allah
- jazak Allahجَزاك الله
- "May God reward you", a way of saying thank you; often completed with khayran, "with good".Also written jazakallah, jazakallahu khayran, jazak allah khair, jazakallah khair, jazakallahu khairan, jazakumullah, jazakallah khayr
- ma sha Allahما شاء الله
- "What God has willed", said in appreciation of something good.Also written mashallah, masha'allah, masha allah, mashaa allah
- niyyahنِيّة
- Intention, which the schools hold to be a condition of acts of worship.Also written niyah, niyat, niyya, niyyat
- rahmahرَحمة
- Mercy.Also written rahma, rahmat
- rizqرِزق
- Provision or livelihood, understood as coming from God.Also written rizk
- sabrصَبر
- Patience and steadfastness.Also written sabar
- salamسَلام
- Peace; the greeting "as-salamu alaykum" (peace be upon you) and its reply.Also written as-salamu alaykum, assalamu alaikum, assalamualaikum, salaam, salaams, salam alaykum, wa alaykum as-salam
- shukrشُكر
- Gratitude.Also written shukar, shukur
- subhan Allahسُبحان الله
- "Glory be to God", said in wonder.Also written subhanallah, subhaanallah, subhanallaah
- taqwaتَقوى
- God-consciousness: mindfulness of God in conduct.Also written taqwaa, muttaqi
- tawakkulتَوَكُّل
- Reliance on God.Also written tawakul, tawakkal
- tawbahتَوبة
- Repentance.Also written tawba, tauba, taubah
Spellings and corrections to any entry are welcome through the corrections route. Source: taxonomy/glossary.json.