Al-Andalus: From Rise to Fall Part 2

in mell hamdulillah he woke afar or salat wa salam o allah rasool allah mustafa well I live I live in October Oman be Hotel method or be uttered a little Medina tava or but salam ala alaikum this is session 2 of angeles from rise to fall we took a look last lesson at the importance of islamic history the importance of the sciences and an overview and just some glances really into what we will be covering and

what is meant when we sell and the lives from rise to fall so going through each of the stages very briefly right today the evening low we're going to take a look at Session two which is to do with the key figures the people who were involved with the in the conquest of al-andalus and I don't just mean by that the actual the person like Bartok means he had and so on who were gonna speak about I mean all the key figures who were the people that were involved one way or another whether that was from the

Muslim side from the Christian side what was the geopolitics taking place really the backdrop to the advent of the Muslims to the peninsula so we're gonna take a look at that and also leading up to the actual battle of wildly bit of art and what that was about so here our objectives if you like for today to to understand what this and this is now further breaking it down into more detail so the conquest the liberation of North Africa because al-andalus can only follow on from North

Africa so what was all that about who conquered it what were the problems that were faced during that conquest or liberation and how does this play a role in al-andalus then also some issues of conversion versus indoctrination these are just some some things we'll briefly take a look at who was will also look at who was rocked by banana Thea Robin Lama on a brief look into his life who was Moore's I've never said these are the key people that are involved party

Kipnis yet who was he we'll take a look at that bit of his some background into his life into where he came from where he went and how he managed to achieve what he did he is Nina King Rodrigo or Rodrick or live Greek as the column narvik of Spain the previous king before him and what type of an impact did that have on the Muslim arrival also things like the strategy and preparation for this conquest that were that took place then the decisive battle of Waddy Waddy

burbot and also looking into some relevant issues because there's this whole the hotbar of body given at the yard and the burning of the ships that her office often will take a look at that fact or fiction okay so and we'll kind of discuss that as well i'm briefly touch up on the concept of Jie Jie so because this is quite important as well because it's there and it's discussed so perhaps we need to know a bit about it as well that's what we'll be taking a look at today right before we go into anything

we we have to understand now Islam after or during the time of the ha'la'tha Arashi tomb had been making really yeah will from the time of Omar all day long on the already advanced this is made into Egypt and so on and but not really North Africa during the time of Earthmen or the along on advances are made into North Africa but there's a companion who we hear a lot about when we when we speak or North Africa historically and that is up

by banana via somebody was born in Makkah he dies in 63 he jury he was born a year before Hitler okay so that makes him a Sahabi in the sense that he is although he never actually met the prophet Elijah Salam during his lifetime but because he was alive and a Muslim during the lifetime of the Prophet Allah Islam so from that aspect we consider him a sahabi a companion of the personality he was also a nephew of I'm ignore us a great Sahabi out of the allah on who was also very close

companion to morale via a rowdy allah on and was also the government of egypt now a vibrant nerf it was somebody that America Bob had commanded to lead certain type of conquests out into different regions and so on and he had done that on behalf of America Bob this is giving him giving you a bit of background about occupy manaphy to understand what was going on here eventually the time of the whole of our Arashi tone passes and you have my area of the law on who becomes the Khalif of the muslims and i know there's a whole

such a set of events that take place that takes place during that time but like i said before be even in life Allah wills some point in the future I would like to perhaps do something on that but that's for another time another place right now what we understand from this is ok during the time of Maya at all day long on he appoints up by manaphy NAFA sends him forward into North Africa he's already in Egypt he's kind of he's running a lot of things in Egypt and he's told to go westwards into North

Africa and he does and he makes huge conquests and liberation I'm talking dynamic and very rapid people during his time like the places of conquered very piggy and he continues to Swift westwards across North Africa and I'm talking within months like miles and miles of of and legions of conquered and cities and he himself builds a city

which he names theta one which is from the Persian word of Karawang Caravan which to do it like a caravan almost a settlement so he called the Pater one and that is where many ala man later emerge including the likes of even Abizaid al Qaeda wani that Don the Maliki done known as young Malik he's also somebody that lived in grade one but theta one has this huge history about it but it's built by occupied manaphy and it is important because all of this is going on however during his conquest he's moving and I've got a

little map there at the bottom you can see this that up well enough he kind of moves westward across North Africa but what seems to be happening is behind him people seem to be rebelling and apostate in what I mean it's it's almost a common phenomenon so he's struggling he's going westward he's coming back he's having to deal with all these different types of rebellions and so on and apostasy situations and and his life is really just preoccupied with that he dies in 63 he drew it is important understanding

that because it will make sense now for what happens later you see because what a Bible interfere sits is almost a stage for Musa even an assayer now who was mu side Nancy and that's what we have to ask ourselves now people I want us to reflect upon something that you see many people or many many people could just remained completely oblivious to history

and just in Oblivion that we non-existent but sometimes one tiny decision or step has not only casted those people right into the forefront of history but it's actually redefined it I want us to pause what's going on here with Musa Burnham say who is a governor of of North Africa but before we go into that what I want us to do is just I want us to hold that thought and go back in time slightly we're going

back to the time of the whole affair Arashi dawn harley they believed the sword of allah is upon a conquest in the Middle East there is a particular region which he conquers and in it there is a church like a cathedral type of thing known as I know tomorrow is named after this area and they and that comes under Muslim rule and within it they find held captive are many young people many young boys who have been held as almost as a type of their lives have been kind of

deposited if you like because the parents or somebody old so much money to somebody so they had seized their children held them in captivity until the loans and and these things are paid off but what Harlequin will eat fines is this room these chambers four of these teenagers Christian boys and amongst them is this person called no sale now there's not only new said there's no say there's many of these many of these that they find and they bring them in and eventually these people come into the Muslim lands and amongst them on safe this serene there's a person called yes

sir and this others no save goes on to actually mingles within the Muslim society he converts to Islam whilst living in the cathedral or that under Church he had been studying Christianity quite passionately so he takes an interest in Islam but naturally because Islam has been very academic by its nature so he he finds it interest us learning starts getting involved he becomes quite an active type of Muslim this is no say he joins up with within the army he starts to serve with under people like my area of the

law and in fact he does so well no say to us that he is actually put in charge of some naval expeditions but you know Muslims didn't really they weren't experts when it came to the sea because most of Muslim conquests were tell a word were done by land so Muslims were not so skilled when it came to dealing with sea issues and stuff like this and he's one of the early people that gets involved in that mercy with him I mentioned salim who also converts to islam and it's his son who is then even

a syrian who goes on muhammad nasir in who is the famous turbit he interprets dreams and has his own school of thought and the entire thing that's actually serene son and though i mentioned another name yes sir whose grandson is muhammad ibanez Huck who goes on to write the famous Sierra book and is the famous historical historian or from the early times and these I'm just trying to say were people who were originally just Christians they were in this thing they decided they make one decision they embrace the deen of islam they take particular steps and not only are there

steps engraved in history they redefine certain parts now say is quite keen would keep his keeping his son with him at all times and his son is Musa now Musa is born in nineteen history he accompanies his father in most places he goes with him on these some of these expeditions as he's growing up he goes on these naval expeditions but he in fact is then raised because his father seems to be doing well in in these upper leading classes his son is raised amongst those plaster he knows these type of Omar and these princes and

they know him and he knows them and stuff like that so he is actually a key person in terms of almost aristocracy if you like now he sticks obediently with Maori Arabiya lon after my obvious time and yazeed's time he still with his even after you see he then joins even as a bail and the thing with Museveni messiah is that he you see when he joins Ignis obeyed and that's a whole different that's something subhanAllah that is something this is

why I have to say to you that what you have to do is make certain types of bullet points water learning and go away into your research because it is way too difficult to kind of to bring everything into the picture and there are some amazing and spectacular things which really should be known and things like the incident of eveness of aid and how he rose to heal alpha and became the ruler and so on but but that's something which we can't really go into now because it all just completely digress the point is more 7 Missouri does give

his allegiance to imp know surveyed but then with the fall of illness of 8 he's a bit worried so that there's gonna be a backlash so he goes to Egypt with his Abdul Aziz if number one who's all mania - he's from bunny humor years of rule and he tells him listen that I went with him surveyed but this was the situation and he explains to him and he says well basically wasn't a sense of betrayal it was just that most people were giving him back including many of money Romania so so did I so Abdul Aziz kind of accepts it from him and you recognize this is a skilled person no sudden moves

it was an absolute commander of he knew a person of military expertise so what Abdul Aziz does is he thinks look this is a this is a skillful person and I can this person so he keeps him and he he says to him don't worry by he ends he ends up kind of putting him in charge of different things and then different cities and then eventually most of North Africa is under moon side Nancy now most happening to say at that time there was still a lot of these rebellion issues remaining from the time of up I've known

Africa where many people apostate heed they left the fold of Islam many people had rebelled more sudden to save things okay I'm gonna go through this and I'm gonna try and bring this whole turbulent ground in to conquer under control and the way he does that is he plans it out he takes up to six to seven years crossing North Africa we occupy banoffee only took a few months every town he goes through he doesn't just liberate and conquer that town he sets it up he

calls in a Lama he has an educational institute set up he understands that the reason why people are rebelling against something is because they don't understand it so we need to educate these people about the theme and he starts to teach people people start to learn Arabic they start to learn about the Quran they start to learn about happy start to learn about Islam this shows I mean this demonstrates a huge successful campaign which musaib them saved carries out across North

Africa eventually entire the entire North African seam is under Musa Burnham sales control except two places one is Punja and one is scepter and fundraise Tangiers and subsides sweater they call it today and sometimes also with legendary people like all the urban these people are fall so now these two type of cities are still unconquered so what he does is he head towards Bunga and with him now is this person called with

him is this person toddy Kipnis yet a young person who comes from the Middle East of a bird of our background and Berbers our I mean a North African type of race or tribe really that some I mean I mean you can I suppose do young research into it we've got one barber on the course with us today actually and and the thing is the thing is that they some people say of different mixture regime or whatever and you can research into but they were at difficult people that they definitely were

what you have is they were they weren't an easy people to subdue and thought equipments yet who comes from the Middle East his father has converted to Islam so he's born and raised a Muslim he knows Arabic because he's lived a huge time in the Middle East he comes over and he's with mu7 and say and they're going and they and the two last remaining places are Punja and septa so they go for Tonga and they conquer E and quake I mean without much difficulty they get that more Cybermen save is so

pleased with Tariq of museu that he says to him that I'd like you to be the governor of this region and he's only something like 18 years of age very young person at the time now it gets a bit interesting because scepter is still remaining now you might think well okay what's different about sucked at the time well what's different is scepter is ruled by a Christian at the time a king by the name of Julian ok Olean they call

him and he see he's also got certain ties but certain problems with Andalusia now Musa a banana Sayed is very interested at this point reaching out to Al Andalus is very interesting but the situation isn't ready he looks at it he sees that wait a minute this right now you know you've got this sub you've got scepter where this King Julian you've got the fact that we've got a cross see we've gotta cross some see to get to Andalusia and

like I mentioned before Muslims were not we're not leading when it came to see warfare okay what and in fact they lacked ships they they lacked things like naval equipment and stuff like that and also such a key thing they lacked any geographical knowledge of Andalusia so not only and they just heard things about it it's a mountainous area it's like this it's green it's got a lot of tree forests in the and stuff like but they had no idea what it was or what it

was entirely like so this is a key thing because if you didn't jump into some terror to unknown territory you are just rushing towards extinction so what Museveni merceditas is he concentrates first on other regions like he concentrates on sicily that is also liberated under his rule he sends his son he sees that in East any really eager to go for Andaluz but he's thinking right he still isn't right he looks at it and you know when he looks at Al Andalus he notices the Balearic Islands okay what they call Arabic Jews

or belly up which include things like Myakka and these few islands which are towards the southeast of Spain now he thinks that if I do if I advance towards Andalusia towards the Iberian Peninsula the balearic islands which at the time were occupied by the Romans will easily kind of be able to set me up from behind so he thinks let's focus first of all on these Balearic Islands so that's what he does and that isn't something too difficult he he manages they have some ships and stuff like this

he gets them they go across they liberate the balearic islands without much difficulty at all so whatever fears and problems he had he feels that they kind of settled so at this time he thinks okay well what what should we do so he asks he sends back for like its invites back to the Khalifa at the time we'll leave it Nidal Malik asking for permission to enter the Iberian Peninsula because at that time everything has to go through the chain of command so he goes back to he goes

back to a lead of neither money well he didn't either Malik agrees but he says to him first I'd like you to actually check it out you see you don't have the background knowledge meanwhile King Julien has some issues with the politics which are going on in Spain Allah you many a times have kingdoms collapsed seriously because of a mistake or two that some people have conducted just against one person politics is so

decisive in growing out the fate of kingdoms now we'll see in you see what we've got to do we've got to pause all of this put that all on hold and we've got a and jump up north into the Iberian Peninsula what's going on over there you see in the Iberian Peninsula you've got you've got a king by the name of Rodrigo okay Oh they call him Rodriquez well in English and he's known in Arabic as Lord

reek now Rodrigo he's ruling he's from the the gothic Visigoths so he's from the Gothic type of Kingdom and what he's done is he's kind of coming to power but he's take nova and kind of rebelled against a previous king by the name of vit isa who in arabic they call a Dasha now the thing is that he kind of betrays wit ISA and comes into power now that's you might think well that's normal yet there's no big deal but he not only betrays him betrays witnesses family now

King Julian happened to be a very close ally to King with ISA now they were very tight now when he sees witties are getting betrayed and he gets killed and executed and his possessions of repossessed and and all his wealth is taken and stuff like this any family are deprived of anything he looks at all of this and he thinks right you know he thinks that you know Oh God like I've had enough of this this guy Roderick what Rico but at the same time he knows that look ultimately here he is in sub

tan is the Iberian Peninsula he's got this little tiny Christian rule and there you've got some Christian rule in the Visigoths and so on so they there are still bonds which he can't deny then however further stories and and tales have it that his King Julian his daughter he he takes her companies with him once into mainland Spain into the Iberian Peninsula and goes to visit King Rodrigo and Walt is there he has certain things which certain business to tend to and things like this now they're ours

different historical events about what happens but gen release many of the stories relate that king Rodrigo what he does is he holds Julian's daughter as captive and kind of takes her in slave say in a way whether he keeps as an absolute label but he just he holds her in captivity and some people say he may be eventually killed and some people say no she cares she carried on I mean she stayed alive obviously but he kind of held her against her will now Julian he obviously as soon as he finds out who returns to the king's palace what if there's nothing you can do it's got no power against King work Rico he tells

him look listen you better just before unless you want to get executed you better be on your way so he returns to subtor now you see this has completely enraged so he thinks okay I'm going to reach out to the Muslims I'm going to reach out to Morse I'm gonna see Allah and this is this is what we see the vicissitudes of faith and what till kill a young no doubt will happen and those days larval teach them between people

you see what he does is he gives a lot of territorial secrets a lot of strategic insight to Mussolini masane about the Iberian Peninsula he says to him this is what it's like he provides in maps he even says that he will provide him ships that in return the Muslims just have to see to it that a Rodrigo is eliminated and to the assets and property of King wit ISA are rightfully returned to his own inheritors the Muslims have no problem with this whatsoever

they think that's not a problem so now with that news Musa Vernon say he takes that news now if we go back to where we were to the Khalifa were leading after Malik and tells him look listen we've got all these insights we've got this you've got it sure you know give us the go-ahead well he didn't add the Malik says to him look listen he says that's all good however you need to have this thing verified for yourself send you a small group a small regiment of Muslim soldiers just to just to kind of scope the region and understand how it is

so most having to say it agrees and he does that he sends a person by the name of 35 natori fender Malik who is quite an a a significant figure but you can read up more about him in your own time he sends him with about 500 Muslims to kind of just scope the southern Andalusia territory so they do that they go they they make maps they do this meanwhile what does more Simon safety he heads back to Cairo 1 he instructs from where

different Muslim ports to start building ships and that's what they do he doesn't he says that rather than relying on the ships of people like Julie and all the people we should have our own equipment the verse of Allah WA I do and make preparations and that's exactly what he does he goes away he starts making ships he starts getting things done it takes them up to a year to not only get the insight back to them by 30 fitna Malik but also prepare several ships to raise

an army and eventually all they manage to raise is 7,000 soldiers that's all they eventually managed to do but they have several ships they have so a reasonable if you like a small size Navy they have some soldiers they have some insight they're almost ready now we need to just hold the scene they're just pause that we need to once again leap up north back into the Iberian Peninsula some background into what was going on there with King wat Rico apart from his

type of general oppression and oppressive rule which was he was which he was conducting things like very heavy taxes on people he lived in an extremely luxurious type of Palace had many assets which it seized from people and things like that but besides all of that there is another myth people which is which is worth which is quite interesting and that is

in Toledo where King Rodrigo was there's a particular River by I think they call it a jo seho they say in Spanish but on that River there was a tower and the myth had it and the legend had it that this tower was originally built by Hercules and it was a tall tower and in it there was an outside it just had this type of sign on it that do not enter and it had old kings of Spain do not enter now the legend was that or the myth was that each king that came into power had

to add a padlock on to this particular town so every king from the Visigoths and so on that come had done that so there were many padlocks on this tower that's what you had now when it was Rodrigo in rule and he was reminded oh by the way you know you've gotta go when you've got a kind of add a padlock it's almost ceremonial it's like a rite of passage he thinks about any things well you know what what is inside that Tower and they tell him you know he's type of Ministers and whatever they turn oh no

no no no do not make this mistake please they say what we'd like you to do is look can you just add a padlock onto this thing and he says no and he says look listen I'm really cure I in fact he says I've had enough I'm going to have that door open and and so the minister is kind of go away they have their meeting they come back to him the next day they actually say to him that in that look they say to the king look okay this is the tower it's of a particular size at most and in the best possible scenario there's going to be treasure

inside and well how much wealth do you estimate we'll be inside we will EE and give it to you with the condition that you add a padlock he says that he'll haha this is this is the thing isn't it curiosity Oh when it gets to somebody so so he says look I've had enough right I don't care I don't care what you can you're going to offer me I want to get inside that Tower so so he does he goes there

he has his soldiers break down the padlocks and he goes inside and inside as the door kind of opens inward he sees just an empty Tower and inside it there is a table and on the table there is this parchment this type of what they used to useful old paper and it's kind of rolled up so he goes to it and he folds it out rolls it out and Ani is a drawing and it is a drawing of a line of

men horseback a line of them are all of them and they seem to be dressed in white carrying swords and spears and it says that when this tower is open these men will conquer your kingdom and it is said that in that year Tata Kipnis he had lands Allah what I mean regardless of the authenticity is very interesting nevertheless what we see is part a given

as yet he takes his army of 7,000 soldiers and they cross and they go on to job with Tariq which is Gibraltar and it should be in which was actually is named after him and and I think they still call it geobella thorak but in some of the languages in English Gibraltar now I'm from then he moves forth into southern Andalusia now the issue is when he gets to Andalusia King Rodrigo because of what he had discovered that the tower is extremely paranoid about any advance

of any Muslims on the Iberian Peninsula he is informed that that because what I just before we miss a little bit when 30 given is yet actually lands there is a small fort or two which happen to be on the southern Iberian Peninsula which easily crumble to the armies of Palika de Mesilla easily now a message gets back to king Rodrigo that some people have arrived some people have landed from North Africa Muslims now as paranoid as he was he's like what the

own are not letting I'm not letting that prophecy realize in my time so what he does is he collects and assembles an army which is like insurmountable he actually people say he raises an army a hundred thousand strong just because he's so paranoid and he doesn't he doesn't want to engage in any combat he just wants to crush and squash any opposition that may be coming from from the south from any Muslim territory

especially since he's seen what he's seen of that prophecy so now thirty goodness yet he is that Rodrigo Luther eek is is coming south with his army and with a massive army so he doesn't really know what to do at first so he's thinking he looks into all his you know into the maps and any type of strategy that he has and they they see this he sees a particular region which is known as worldly parabot which is a valley of per watt he's also referred to as a Laker and I

think in they do in they do call it real bear but as well they spell it as that as well and that's in Spanish for I suppose the river of burbot it is also known as quarter let I'm not sure how they exactly pronounce that in Spanish water let or however but that's also what it's referred to now he sees this region this part this valley is is it's reasonably narrow it's mountainous on one side to the east and to the south so that means he's covered on these ends on the west

it's only this particular type of very thick dense difficult terrain so he knows that you know that's not he couldn't get attacked from that side so basically whoever wants to come down this way they they will be squeezed into a reasonably narrow Valley a bit similar to what you see in the movie 300 same type of scheme really but you've got so what he does is he thinks this is the this is the place so he kind of sets up camp at this place and he asks for

reinforcements because he hears that Rodrigo is bringing a hundred thousand soldiers and naturally that is very traumatizing for any people who are just seven thousand in number and so he asks for reinforcements reinforcements are sent by mu seven who say but five thousand more so they are now a total of twelve thousand and the reason why five thousand are made up more and because there is a hadith although its authenticity has been discussed but there is a hadith that an army of 12,000

believers will never be defeated entirely so based on that hadith Muslims quite often in history you'll find that whenever they would set forth on different territory it was quite often twelve thousand in number and so that's what takes place here as well now you see the armies they Advent so he the armies advanced you've got King Rodrigo's army coming south party commence yet he steadfastly Israeli set of camp and they arrived now when they speak of king Rodrigo they say

he arrives on a throne which is carried by two horses like which is decorated with gold the horses are set out with all these type of very expensive jewels and gold and so on and him and his cavalry and then he's got obviously many soldiers and many of these people of their who obviously don't want to be there the many of these people many of these soldiers are people who are captives many of these are just people who are very underpaid they do not get a portion

of any true success like that even if they do even if they are successful what do they achieve out of it apart from they probably get a daily allowance that's all many of them still oppressed with heavily taxes and things like this when you're looking at that on one side and then you look at the other side Tata Kipnis yet leading an army he himself is leading an army of many of which are them of mixed original barber and Arab led by a non Arab who sits and dines

with them they all pray together in one soft they are people who have a belief in what they are doing they are people who will share success no matter what the outcome if they succeed and our victorious they will get a portion of the Hanuma every person who contributes gets a portion of the venema Allah I thought this is where you have the verse hard line he has managed us a more fair okay that these are two people two

parties who have disputed regarding the Lord Allah and Allah judges over them and you see that what happened what takes place here worthy burbot is when the armies of a king Rudra they are king Rodrick they actually arrived the battle commences when it does it is actually the 28th of Rama bond so the Muslims many of them are actually fasting and it doesn't just go on for like two days

one day 12 hours 10 hours it goes on for eight days eight days it goes on for Eid or Fatah is actually cool I mean it is spent in battle and Muslims they are trancing because I said what happens is as they going forward they kind of advanced link slightly advancing slightly there are losses on both sides there are Muslim losses but them the losses on the side of king Rodrigo are astronomical

they actually say back that people right but that many of the soldiers same they sail and every this is how the the Muslim kind of historians are documented a statements that that man Nestle Obinna who has actually come here they say this army I mean a lil are they home in a home I mean elissa are the people that have kind of come are they for from the earth are they humans like us or are they descended from the skies they they actually say about them that Auburn humble laylee were for sign on by now they say that at night because at night they would watch each other and

these people stood in prayer many of them praying to hide truth praying a shard and hydrogen and then during the day they stood their ground absolutely shocked the other the armies of King were Treecko they because they could see that wait a minute these people this is a different force that we are reckoning eventually they gave him and on the eighth day they completely the arm kind of over King Rodrigo collapsed and gave in and just escaped many of them

just run for their lives many of them just completely disappeared they say it is said that king Rodrigo's well was never to be found again many people say he was either killed in battle they or that some say he threw his armor and disappeared into some villages to become a hermit for the rest of his life what is known is that he definitely does not appear again absolutely disappears and Muslims and party given us yet and his armies with him when they see this just have like a hundred thousand in front of them Allah

it is almost as though you are seeing it is reminiscent to them of scenes like that of butter lemare Amita it Romita well a kin not that you did not throwing me through but a lot it reminds them of like the doors that the postal Alison are made at the time of butter when he turns to Allah before before throwing that dust and Sun he turns to a line he says that into her leg Harvey Hill is Arbor to Liang this

is if this group of people today collapse and are destroyed lat talk about of it you will not be worshiped on this and then he threw and Allah says warmer Amita is roommate well I can Allah this is what it reminds them of it reminds at that time is reminiscent of all the other successes that you see right through the serie that other things here Mook the Battle of Yarmouk with the Romans the Battle of Cardassia

you see with the wrong you see Romans and Persians you see where the numbers were heavily outnumbered some armies and people historians have found that to be sometimes very difficult to digest and they said how could this be and it must be huge exaggerations and so on now some exaggeration is is admissible I mean some there will always be some exaggeration but astronomical and the answer to that is well how could this be well this could be because the belief

the determination the objectives of the different sides was was that between the heavens and year it was so different I mean one set of people had landed there not only to liberate but what they had their eyes on and their vision was something much greater than this they could see nations and civilizations like rising under the banner of Islam ahead

of them they could see that and what what does the other side see simply just sees all we're just defending and many people don't want to be they they just see as all these people are just you know just some invaders or they just this and just that you know we just have to squash them and and all we're doing is really just fighting in the name of this king who doesn't really he isn't really just and he's not very good to us anyway regardless so this Allah I shut anima Bane up it is so different what is between them and you see this really

becoming evident as the Muslims kind of because once the army gives way the Muslims advance north and they continue to head north and what happens is they head from there into what is one of the largest and most at the time most fortified cities almost one of the most bored which was it should be Leah Seville and it's interesting Allahu Akbar that when they arrived there because along the way there were small towns more smaller other I mean not as popular type of you know places but still reasonable settlements and stuff which had come

under Muslim rule and the Muslims what they would say is when they would enter a place is that either we give you one of three they say either that you accept Islam and you keep all of your possessions or two that you pay the jizya which is like a Sita's citizenry type of protection or like a citizenry type of tax if you like that since you're a subject to them to Muslim rule and for you to be protected by Muslims you will pay tax and annual tax and you

get to keep all of your possessions or you stand against us and and we will we will make Austin and that is cattle and that is that we will fight and they say well I know our hero come in Litella and that was quite often almost a Sunnah in Y which Muslims liberated or conquered different regions that they gave the option of these three and they gave three days as a period of time for them to think of it and many of these places were so shocked that they were like wait a minute and I know people say you know

what people say they say uh-uh you know everybody just as pathetic and everybody was just as ruthless and Muslims were just as ruthless as other people and people look being good or bad is from human nature and people regardless of their faith will be good and bad nobody is denying that nobody is denying that maybe some oppression was ever carried out some oppressive act or transgression to never occur but we're talking on significant historical scales it is documented that Muslims they gave the option of these three and they honored

them it is documented not only in Muslim but also in Christian history that when Muslims entered these lands in the Iberian Peninsula likes will they open the doors to them why because they were shocked that the news had reached them about new fish the smaller settlements that were already taken over by Muslims and the fact that they actually said to them you get to keep all your possessions you get to do all this again you see before them what were they used to the Roman Empire the Visigoths what were they used they were used to somebody just comes they ransack your town or your city they

enslave your men women and children they burn to the ground whatever they can they rob whatever they can there's no such thing as oh I'll tell you what enter this way of life and you keep everything Oh will you just give a tax in a year and you stay as you are this was it was unbelievable so people didn't believe it was true but when the news reached them that old from this particular town that the Muslims are VMD or they've already practiced in this particular way they were like well in that case what's the problem and the GC is something we'll just shortly I mean take a look at but

these things are very interesting to kind of consider that yes human beings no matter where they are they may all commit in Justices and nobody is saying it was a fairy tale when nothing bad ever happened but on a substantial scale on a historical scale did they treat the citizens of the towns in which they entered the same way that other armies were treating them hell no and that is you don't even need to go to the Muslim sources you can go to other historical

sources to verify so I'm just saying because people do at time say that all you know well that's as biased because I'm sure Muslims all over well that's not true okay so that's just to clarify that for us they are along the way there is certain interesting things there is a a narrative that went awry covens the ad was faced by all by this huge number 100,000 many of his soldiers wanted to head back because they fell and when the reinforcements had come but they were only five thousand they want her head back and so

what they what articles he had a disease he burnt the ships and he says this footpath and nevertheless I mean the hood but is quite awesome he just say to them that he says that he says that the sea is behind you and death is in front of you and he says well a male alikom unless you fou come and the only resort you have is your swords and he says to them like basically like like if we sought to them and all in other word like harley do believe said i'll see you on the other side it was one of those i mean it is an interesting narrative

however its authenticity really has been challenged by actually many muslims although really in a way it is in i suppose there's two sides to it in one way you can look bad upon Muslims that oh that why would he do something like this and endanger all these people and so on and so forth and burn ships which don't belong to him and especially when the Muslims didn't have so much naval expertise and stuff like all assets and stuff like on the other hand it could be seen as an act of like almost of heroism and seen as quite you know very brave and courageous however when you do look

at it in from an academic and ill me perspective you find that two historians have actually narrated it that it was Abdullah Mohammed III see in the sixth century history for who dies in 562 narrates in his book no saddle mush stock so we're talking almost like you're looking almost like five hundred years almost after this event has happened does it first get documented with him is a contemporary album or one even a kurta booze he also that's a contemporary of electrician a3c by the way is that famous you know the

geographer III see it's the same one travels huge parts of the world and then they are followed by somebody who used later contemporary to them by the name of Mohammed Amin Abdullah he marry in his book Roble Akbar and in these books do you only ever see the mention of of this incident yet before him right from the very early historians historian Muslim historian starting off with even Adel Hackham from and many of his students in children and so on who were famous for for documenting history none

of them documented even apatheia from Al Andalus who is actually from the goths and quote means the Gothic and he kept his name even apathy is a famous historian writes about the conquest of landowners he doesn't mention it even a 4b who's early as well Andalusia Maliki he doesn't mention it her SHANY who once again North African Maliki he doesn't mention it even again even as the century start to go buy into the for hundreds even has them doesn't mention a student or maybe there's an even number Sam shunt shunt sorry me who's a

contemporary - III see doesn't mention it even after him even a brush squirrel doesn't mention it even ivory maroc al maracas she doesn't mention in his historical book after were hidden maracas she doesn't mention even after my typical doom doesn't mention it neither ignore Kathy none of these people mentioned which kind of girls to show that maybe the story doesn't really in that case not maybe really doesn't have any authenticity but it is interesting nevertheless whilst it was the it does show that whole you know how to kind of when people I suppose are

desperate they do desperate things and and the determination of people is quite is quite interesting and it reminds us this a poem that jo kuch na bun Bharath or the wording is is an author point that joke guten abend bharat order boarding is now if nothing can go if nothing if nothing as a last resort he says we'll cry on the ships Sahil some minute a too fond occurring that no matter what he

says I'd taken also we won't beg the storm for mercy and it is interesting as but you see sometimes the determination of people when they are put in certain situations nevertheless what we do see here today is house certain people who who rose from just very almost like simple backgrounds so you're seeing people like party Kipnis yet who the child of a of a Berber convert who not only joins a military expedition but

then eventually becomes the governor or an in charge of a region which is Vanja and then eventually leads this expedition into the Iberian Peninsula to eat it turn aligns his name in history and what he does with is with him obviously he takes the message of al-islam and you will see in shoreline the following lesson how then not only more and more regions enter into the fold of Islam how that then has a huge

impact on the civilization moose am authority given as he had himself what is he accepts a almost like a student almost of Musa even an aside somebody who once again eventually who rules and governs the entire North Africa almost and is in charge of making these decisions and the strategic type of plans and objectives and and going about you know pioneering these type of conquests and who was he accept

the son of a Christian captive who decided who said who decided to embrace Islam when taken by harlot of novalee and you see once again so not only you see the input of Muslim say but this whole how the the the scene had been set out by up by Minerva a companion from the time of the prophet Elijah so you start to see these events and how one person does something and it almost sets the scene for for future for future

events to kind of unfold and unroll so inshallah with that we've learned today we've gone over the conquest and liberation of North Africa we've looked at who was uh pregnant Navia as some of the struggles he faced we understood how he kind of set the scene really for the advent of Musa been saved with a bit of background into him at party Kipnis Yad how he comes along kind of accompanies mu 7 verse 8 and then eventually rises to such grandeur what was the political

backdrop of the Iberian Peninsula with King witties er who is then disposed off and replaced or betrayed by King horik Rico and how King work regal then carries out his in justices including that against King Julian of subtor how in turn against his daughter and then how that then has an impact upon the Muslim objectives because King because Julian then wants to aid the muslin and supply them certain insight into the Iberian Peninsula we looked at how the Muslims prepared for that how they spent up to almost a year planning and

preparing making ships doing things like that sending a almost a vanguard a small group led by 35 nama Malik to just investigate and scope the region to get maps to understand to come back with this insight and then to do things upon we in sight and not not rushed or not in haste we see how that eventually is that culminates with darkness he had crossing over onto Jubilee thorak Gibraltar and then on to mainland Spain and which

finally is kind of which finally reaches its end with the Battle of Wadi burbot when king Rodrigo brings an army of a hundred thousand people who still crumble in the face of 12,000 Muslims who had arrived from North Africa so we took a look at that we also understood a very little amount we took also a brief look at the incident of burn of the burning of the ships really to understand that it is an interesting story although speaking truly more than

anything it was perhaps just fiction since none of the early Muslim historians had documented it apart from some who came almost 500 years late so with that said in Charlotte think we've concluded today's session we will go into next session into how things advance how they kind of play out for how they play out with Musa enormous aid because he then once again arrives on the scene how then with how some Muslim armies

under the under the I mean under the leadership of Muslims they decide to head westward and almost end up thirty kilometres away from Paris and how such a success then is met by such tragedy with what it became known as balata Shahada and what was balata Shahada so we will end up discovering that and then looking into what happens in al-andalus after it becomes so rapidly liberated and conquered inshaallah with all of that done i take each other do you

remember me in your kind as-salam-o-alaikum or Ahmed Al Leiter ila of etiquette